Does Belief in God Survive Modern Science, Ethics, and Psychology?

Does Belief in God Survive Modern Science, Ethics, and Psychology?

Written by; Rizwan Ibn Ali Abdullah

Author’s Note

This article is a continuation of my earlier work examining the rational basis of belief in God. While the first article focused on foundational philosophical questions—such as existence, reason, morality, and meaning—this follow-up engages with challenges that arise specifically from modern science, evolutionary biology, ethics, psychology, neuroscience, and contemporary skepticism.

The aim here is not to oppose scientific inquiry or dismiss moral concerns, but to address them thoughtfully and honestly. I have tried to examine these questions using reason (aql), philosophical reflection, and Islamic thought, while acknowledging the limits of human understanding and the legitimacy of sincere disagreement.

This article is written for readers who are not satisfied with slogans—whether religious or skeptical—and who believe that serious questions deserve serious engagement.